血栓形成风险

静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE) 在发达国家是发病和早亡的重要原因之一。但是，如果采取适当的措施，大部分血栓栓塞事件是可以预防的。^{6, 37}

由血栓栓塞引起的并发症在心血管疾病中扮演着重要角色，而心脏内血凝块的形成则是房颤患者(AF)发生脑卒中的主要原因。^{35, 36}

VTE在全球范围内是一个广为人知的、严重的健康问题：从公众担心的长途飞行会带来深静脉血栓形成（DVT），到大手术后患者肺栓塞（PE）的高发生率。^{31, 32}

血栓可阻断静脉或动脉中的血流，也可能从血管壁上脱落，一旦嵌顿于肺部或其他重要器官，则可能成为威胁生命的栓子。^{33, 34, 35} VTE 是关节置换术后最为常见的严重并发症之一。⁶

急性冠脉综合征 (ACS)：由于动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂，导致冠状动脉内形成潜在致命性的血栓。³⁵

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36 - Lip GY, Tse HF. Management of atrial fibrillation. Lancet. 2007;370(9587):604-618.
31 - Lapostolle F, Surget V, Borron SW, et al. Severe pulmonary embolism associated with air travel. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(11):779-783.
32 - Moll S, Mackman N. Venous thromboembolism: a need for more public awareness and research into mechanisms. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28(3):367-369.
33 - Colman RW, Clowes AW, George JN, Goldhaber SZ, Marder VJ. Overview of hemostasis. In: Colman RW, Clowes AW, George JN, Goldhaber SZ, Marder VJ, eds. Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2006:1-16.
34 - Mackman N. Triggers, targets and treatments for thrombosis. Nature. 2008;451(7181):914-918.

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